Persistent or recurrent abdominal discomfort can signal various gastrointestinal issues, ranging from gastritis to inflammatory bowel disease. Frequent heartburn, regurgitation, or a burning sensation in the chest can be indicative of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Alterations in stool frequency, consistency, or color, including diarrhea or constipation, may point to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic or unexplained nausea and vomiting may be related to gastritis, gastroparesis, or other underlying gastrointestinal disorders.

They begin with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, evaluating symptoms and risk factors. Utilizing advanced tools like endoscopy and colonoscopy, direct visualization of the gastrointestinal tract is achieved, enabling the detection of abnormalities, performing biopsies, and removing polyps. Radiological techniques such as CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound provide detailed images of digestive system organs and structures. Blood tests, stool tests, and specialized biomarker assessments aid in identifying digestive disorders, assessing liver function, and detecting inflammatory conditions. Evaluations like esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and motility studies assess digestive tract functionality, aiding in the diagnosis of motility disorders and reflux diseases. This comprehensive approach ensures accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning for patients.